Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• nanoparticles at different concentrations. They found that the addition of nanoparticles enhanced the thermophysical properties and heat transfer characteristics of the lubricant. The researchers specified that nanolubricants typically provide greater thermal conductivity and viscosity in comparison to pure

• that the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanolubricant increased with the increase in mass fraction at a constant temperature. This capability in thermal conductivity enhancement can aid in addressing heat transfer issues within systems. Due to the fact that heat transfer takes place at the

• to the fact that heat transfer is fundamentally a surface-related process [5]. Nanolubricants have been widely used in recent years to improve the performance of refrigeration compressors [6][7][8]. Singh et al. [9] experimentally verified the effect of addition of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• results again verified that smaller nanorods have better heat transfer characteristics than larger nanorods because of their high cross-sectional area [48] (Figure 5C,D). Though the application of photothermal nanomaterials is not explored much in LFAs, it is expected that enhanced plasmon resonance could

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• , evidencing differences in heat transfer. Hence, considering that the precipitation kinetics is controlled by the alkalization process (i.e., the hydrolysis of urea, which depends on the temperature [35]), modifications in the heating process can affect the final size and shape of the particles [69]. This

• size is observed as the volume increases. This feature is related to changes in the heating process (heat transfer) modifying the alkalinization kinetics and the concomitant precipitation process, even after 48 h of recrystallization. These results suggest that the final LDH morphology (size and

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• be taken with a grain of salt, particularly in the MD simulations. Heat flux field In systems with complex geometry, the nuances of heat transfer beyond broad thermal conductance can be understood by examining the heat flux throughout the system. By investigating the flux through kinked systems, it

• . Classical heat transport solutions Fourier solutions were obtained through the use of Mathematica’s standard heat transfer library [55], built on a geometry matching that of the PMC, with appropriate boundary conditions to match the isothermal regions implemented in the PMC. Dimensionless units are used for

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• regarding the width of the peaks. The interaction of the liquid with the hot crucible is analogous to the interaction of the liquid with the transducer from the thermal point of view. In both cases, the contact of the liquid with the hot surface causes a temperature drop due to the heat transfer from the

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• -radiative relaxation occurs through the sequential processes of hot carrier generation, electron thermalization, and finally electron–phonon coupling heat transfer [65], leading to a temperature increase of the lattice (Figure 8 [66] and Figure 9). Thus, the energy exchange between energetic plasmons and

• Electron–electron scattering is followed by electron–phonon coupling and heat transfer to the surrounding [71][72]. These non-radiative decay processes specifically concern PT applications. Electron–phonon coupling, which reduces with decreasing particle size, and electron–surface scattering, which rises

• [91]: Solving the second-order Equation 33 requires specification of boundary conditions as well as initial conditions such as the type of heat transfer applicable to the specific study (conduction/convection/radiation), the geometry (radii, lengths, and similar dimensionally defined factors

Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation

• Vikas,
• Raj Kumar and
• Sanjeev Soni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 205–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.20

• dissipated to the surrounding medium is defined as: where S is the surface area of the cuvette exposed to the surrounding environment, h is the heat transfer coefficient, Tmax is the maximum temperature attained on irradiating the suspension for time t, and T0 is temperature of the surrounding environment

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• be obtained on a normal laboratory floor and with operation personnel in the same room. Note that all experiments discussed in section “Results and Discussion” have been carried out with personnel in the room. The heat transfer between the microscope and the Cu bottom plate of the LHe of the cryostat

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• used as a means of enhancing the thermal conductive properties of base fluids. This method formulates a heterogeneous fluid conferred by nanoparticles and can be used for high-end fluid heat-transfer applications, such as phase-change materials and fluids for internal combustion engines. These

• publication by Choi et al. [3] in 1995, nanofluids have been extensively studied since the addition of nanoparticles significantly enhances the heat-transfer performance of the base fluid [4][5][6]. This has promoted various applications of nanofluids in a wide range of fields, such as cooling fluids for

• conductivity, which is only possible if the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer in nanofluids is clearly underpinned. Several mechanisms have been suggested by researchers to effectively predict this improvement in thermal conductivity. The most widely accepted mechanisms for dispersion

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• the scale down of advanced IC designs. GR-NEM switches can be used as a new and unique ESD protection structure to replace PN junctions in integrated circuits. The high carrier mobility and the heat transfer coefficient allow for a low conduction resistance and can avoid device burn during ESD. ESD

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• sputter deposition processes [44]. In Thornton’s report, the probe used for the heat flux measurement, whose temperature increases when submitted to the sputtering plasma, was a stainless-steel body weighing 200 mg. Ultimately, in the case of a solid substrate, the heat transfer and resulting increase of

Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• Comsol Multiphysics. Below, we present simulations of thermal and radiative properties calculated using “Heat Transfer” and “RF” modules, respectively. The presented simulations contain several simplifications and, therefore, are not aiming to self-consistently predict the extent of self-heating, ΔT, or

• the radiative power. Their goal is to reveal general trends and geometrical factors contributing to design aspects of Bi-2212 THz sources. Modelling of heat transfer Accurate analysis of self-heating in Bi-2212 mesas is a complex non-linear problem [28][30][31][32][36][38]. Simulations presented below

• the mesa volume with a total power of 1 mW and uniform density. Figure 3 represents heat transfer simulations for a whisker without an electrode. Figure 3a,b shows sketches of the device and the x–z cross-section through the mesa (not to scale), respectively. Figure 3c–e shows the temperature

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• correlated with the temperature, as shown in Figure 5d. In addition, we measured the PCE (η) of AuNRs and Au@Pt NRs according to the model proposed by Roper et al. [41]: where h is the heat-transfer coefficient, A is the irradiated surface area of the cuvette, Tmax and Tmin are the maximum and minimum steady

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• to the short residence time inside the reactor and finite heat transfer from the wall [124]. In general, although physical methods can produce nanoparticles with high purity, most of them are very expensive and may lead to agglomeration of products [140]. Based on all the disadvantages explained here

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

• Ganji Narender,
• Kamatam Govardhan and
• Gobburu Sreedhar Sarma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.114

• FORTRAN. Nanoparticles have unique thermal and electrical properties which can improve heat transfer in nanofluids. The effects of pertinent flow parameters on the nondimensional velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are presented. Overall, the results show that the heat transfer rate increases

• for higher values of the radiation parameter in a Casson nanofluid. Keywords: Casson nanofluid; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); stagnation point; thermal radiation; viscous dissipation; Introduction The heat transfer mechanism has been known for its significant importance in many fields of engineering

• MHD. MHD applies a sequence of Navier–Stokes equations and Maxwell’s equations to understand the flow behavior of a fluid with electromagnetic properties, as discussed by Chakraborty and Mazumdar [15]. Shah et al. [16] explored the MHD and heat transfer effects on the upper-convected Maxwell (UCM

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• after carbonization due to the combined effect of thermal drafting and chemical reaction. Given that there is an uneven heat transfer and diffusion during the carbonization process, the chemical structure of the CNFs is distributed along a radial gradient, resulting in a thermal drafting effect. As the

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

Effect of magnetic field, heat generation and absorption on nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet

• Santoshi Misra and
• Govardhan Kamatam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 976–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.82

• thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer performance of base fluids such as water, ethylene, glycol, etc. This takes place due to the intense and rigorous distribution of nanoparticle Brownian motion within the base fluid, thus enhancing the uniformity, conductance and properties which have paved

• Yousif et al. [25] developed mathematical models to obtain the numerical solution of basic single-variable governing equations. Keeping in mind the prior investigations involving steady boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid through a permeable stretching surface in the presence of partial

• slip, the present research incorporates the magnetic field effect and heat generation/absorption coefficient into the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. Given that the end product is proportional to the heat transfer rate, the most frequent topic of boundary layer flow is the heat

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• thermal (dissipation) damage to the biological sample. For a given minimal and microwave probe power, NV photon emission was enhanced by the optical collection design of the magnetometer, achieved through increasing the NV concentration and by using SiC as a substrate to aid in heat transfer. After

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• deposition has the advantages of rapid heat transfer, uniform heating and acceleration of the diffusion of S atoms into the TiO2 crystal lattice. After the autoclave had cooled naturally to room temperature, the precipitate was washed several times with deionized water and absolute ethanol, respectively and

On the relaxation time of interacting superparamagnetic nanoparticles and implications for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

• Andrei Kuncser,
• Nicusor Iacob and
• Victor E. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1280–1289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.127

• magnetic hyperthermia therapy. Usually the system consists of MNPs dispersed in an aqueous medium, known also as a ferrofluid. The heat transfer from the specifically configured AC field (with biologically compatible amplitude and frequency) to the tissue loaded with suitably functionalized MNPs can be

• performed by different mechanisms, depending on type and size of the MNPs. In the case of magnetic oxide nanoparticles (usually ferrites) with an average size of less than 30 nm (considered at this moment as the most suitable for such purposes), two heat transfer mechanisms must be considered [12][13]: (i

• this respect, two regimes have to be mentioned here [14]: (i) a static regime, corresponding to τ >> τM, where the main heat transfer mechanism is through hysteretic losses and (ii) the dynamic regime, corresponding to τ << τM, where the main heat transfer mechanism is through magnetic relaxation

Time-resolved universal temperature measurements using NaYF₄:Er³⁺,Yb³⁺ upconverting nanoparticles in an electrospray jet

• Kristina Shrestha,
• Arwa A. Alaulamie,
• Ali Rafiei Miandashti and
• Hugh H. Richardson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2916–2924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.270

• absorption cross section of water at 980 nm (3 × 10−28 m2/molecule) [38], Nw is the number density of water (3.33 × 1028 molecules/m3). The rate of heat loss is given by Equation 3 where h and S are the heat-transfer coefficient and surface concentration of water perpendicular to the direction of heat

Optimal fractal tree-like microchannel networks with slip for laminar-flow-modified Murray’s law

• Dalei Jing,
• Shiyu Song,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Xiaoming Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 482–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.46

• microfluidic systems widely used in various fields such as lab-on-a-chip for chemical and biomedical detection and microchannel heat sinks for the cooling of electronic systems [1][2], the optimal mass and heat transfer performance is essential, yet challenging. For example, a microchannel heat sink has a

• better convective heat transfer performance, but needs a larger pumping power. Thus, the optimal design of the channel layout to achieve better mass and heat transfer performance is needed. Fractal tree-like branched networks are found abundant in nature, for example, in the vascular systems of animals

• , in tree branches and leaf veins of plants, all of which can provide inspiration for the optimal design of the channel layout to achieve the optimal mass and heat transfer [3][4][5]. These branched networks are known to have excellent performance in transport processes of heat and mass, and have been

Laser processing of thin-film multilayer structures: comparison between a 3D thermal model and experimental results

• Babak B. Naghshine and
• Amirkianoosh Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.176

• can have many potential applications including patterning the cell growth for biomedical applications and controlling the grain size in fabrication of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Keywords: 3D transient modelling; heat transfer; laser materials processing

• see the profile of the holes generated by the laser beam on the surface of the samples. Numerical model Heat transfer model Since nanosecond pulses (where the pulse duration is in the nanosecond range) are studied in this paper, the whole process is in the hot-ablation domain. Therefore, the process

• can be modelled using regular laws of heat transfer and thermodynamics. A 3D transient model that was previously proven to be accurate for laser processing of the bulk materials [21] was customized for a multilayer structure and used in this paper. In this model, the 3D heat conduction equation

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• fibers observed by TEM upon addition of NCNDs. A minor discrepancy between the absolute values obtained with the two techniques could also be ascribed to sample holder geometries that differ in their surface-to-volume ratios (which is much higher in the CD cell), as well as different heat transfer